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NerdTuesday, January 11th 2005.

Ragnar Danneskjöld

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Three largest stars identified
BBC

Three largest stars identified

Astronomers have identified the three biggest stars known to science.

If they were located in the same place as our own Sun - at the centre of the Solar System - the stars would stretch out further than the orbit of Jupiter.

The red "supergiant" stars are more than 1.5 billion km across, pushing the previous record holder, Herschel's "Garnet Star", into fourth place.

The new research was presented on Monday at the American Astronomical Society meeting in San Diego, US.

The three enormous stars from the study are KW Sagitarii (9,800 light-years away), V354 Cephei (9,000 light-years away), and KY Cygni (5,200 light-years away).

Luminous and cool

Astronomers compared a sample of 74 red supergiants in the Milky Way.

The international team made new observations of the stars from the 2.1m (84 inch) telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona, and the 1.5m (60 inch) telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, in Chile.

With close stars, scientists can calculate stellar sizes from their temperatures and luminosities.

Red supergiants are massive stars nearing the ends of their lifetimes. They are comparatively cool, luminous and very large.

The analysis also yielded the most accurate temperatures yet found for these objects. The temperatures of the coolest red supergiants are about 3,450K (3,177C), or about 10% warmer than previously thought.

"The significance of this study is that for the first time in many decades there is good agreement between the theory of how large and cool these stars should be, and how large and cool we actually observe them to be," explained Dr Philip Massey, the project's leader.

"For the past two decades, there has been a significant disagreement."

Dr Massey said that there was nothing wrong with the theory. Instead, the observations of the stars themselves had to be improved.

The study has been submitted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal.
________

For those wondering the Sun will turn into one of these giants in about 5 billion years.
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NerdTuesday, January 11th 2005.

Phlogistic

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Not one of these. Something much smaller.
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NerdTuesday, January 11th 2005.

Ragnar Danneskjöld

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But Still much bigger than it is now.
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I believe that banking institutions are more dangerous to our liberties than standing armies. If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issue of their currency, first by inflation, then by deflation, the banks and corporations that will grow up around [the banks] will deprive the people of all property until their children wake-up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered. The issuing power should be taken from the banks and restored to the people, to whom it properly belongs. -Thomas Jefferson,
NerdTuesday, January 11th 2005.

Maxwell

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If you replaced Sol with one of these, its surface would extend past Saturn. By comparison, when our sun goes into its final phase of life, its radius will extend maybe to earth. If you know the scales involved, that's a huge difference.

I think the scale of those stars can safely be described as "inconceivable."
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NerdWednesday, January 12th 2005.

Batist

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No. Our sun will never turn into a red super giant. It's mass is just too small.
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NerdWednesday, January 12th 2005.

Jay

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^ Hes right. It will only become a yellow giant. I know I took astronomy in school.
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NerdWednesday, January 12th 2005.

Batist

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i believe our sun will not expend, it will just collapse
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NerdWednesday, January 12th 2005.

Xavius

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Can we get a Christian perspective in here? This all sounds like a lot of scientific hogwashery.
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NerdWednesday, January 12th 2005.

Jay

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MajinbuuX105

i believe our sun will not expend, it will just collapse



All stars go through some sort of expansion stage when the hydrogen supply gets critical. It expands once it starts burning more helium then hydrogen.
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NerdWednesday, January 12th 2005.

Ragnar Danneskjöld

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MajinbuuX105

i believe our sun will not expend, it will just collapse




No, At least not according to scientists, It will turn into a Red giant and after a few million years it will collapse.

And Xavius why dont you bring in "Christian perspective" Smile
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I believe that banking institutions are more dangerous to our liberties than standing armies. If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issue of their currency, first by inflation, then by deflation, the banks and corporations that will grow up around [the banks] will deprive the people of all property until their children wake-up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered. The issuing power should be taken from the banks and restored to the people, to whom it properly belongs. -Thomas Jefferson,

NerdWednesday, January 12th 2005.

Batist

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same article from the Reuters, with a bit more stuff added (or BBC removed some stuff)

Astronomers Identify Trio of Supergiant Stars

Mon Jan 10,12:24 PM ET

Add to My Yahoo! Science - Reuters

By Deborah Zabarenko

SAN DIEGO (Reuters) - A trio of supergiants -- red, cool, bright stars at the end of their lives -- may be the biggest stars ever identified, astronomers reported on Monday.

All three have diameters of more than 1 billion miles, or 1,500 times the sun's girth. If they were in the same location as the sun, they would completely engulf Earth and their outer layers would extend to a point between the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn.

The big three dwarf even Betelgeuse, a well-known supergiant and the brightest star in the constellation Orion, the team of scientists said in research presented at the annual meeting of the American Astronomical Society meeting in San Diego.

They also are slightly bigger than the previous champion, known as Herschel's "Garnet Star."

Determining their size was more a matter of computer modeling than telescope observing, said one of the researchers, Philip Massey.

An international team of astronomers, including Massey, looked at a field of 74 supergiant stars to try to learn more about them. The scientists knew the stars' distance from Earth, and they knew how bright they were, but they didn't know just how cool they were.

In the case of stellar temperatures, cool is a relative term. These stars are around 5,600 degrees Fahrenheit. The sun is nearly 10,000 degrees F and the hottest known stars are more than 90,000 degrees F.

Knowing the temperature was important, Massey said, because a fundamental law of stellar physics holds that a star's brightness is proportional to its temperature and size. By knowing two of these numbers, scientists could find out the third with precision.

The team used new computer models that have improved data on molecules in the outer layers of these big stars, and found that in fact the trio were about 10 percent warmer than researchers had expected. They were also able to calculate their size, Massey said in a telephone interview from Flagstaff, Arizona, where he works at Lowell Observatory.

"I think the interesting aspect of this is that it tells us the extreme that normal stars can become, how large a normal star of any kind can ever become," Massey said.

All the stars in the study were normal stars, that is, none were two-star pairs known as binaries, whose parameters could be different.

Will this ever happen to our sun? In a word, no.

The sun simply lacks the mass to become a red supergiant, Massey said.


The three big supergiant stars are: KW Sagitarii, which is 9,800 light-years from Earth; V354 Cephei, at 9,000 light-years away; and KY Cygni, 5,200 light-years away.

A light-year is about 6 trillion miles, the distance light travels in a year


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NerdWednesday, January 12th 2005.

Fierce Deity

*insert whitty title*

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Xavius

Can we get a Christian perspective in here? This all sounds like a lot of scientific hogwashery.



God will destroy the universe before the sun reaches the end of it's life. Christiany enough for ya?Smile

Well that's just super. Scientists just discovered 3 excessively big stars and we're currently debating on how our sun will go kablooy 5 billion years from now. N-philes rocks so hardcore.Big Grin

NerdWednesday, January 12th 2005.

Deacon

anti-social commentary

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Pics please.
NerdWednesday, January 12th 2005.

nenned

Is she worth it?

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Who were the stars wearing when they were discovered?
NerdWednesday, January 12th 2005.

p-0man

too busy being delicious!

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I thought the sun was going to burn out in 5 billion years.
NerdWednesday, January 12th 2005.

Chrono

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All stars expand, it will just never become a super red giant like most stars. Just as said before, a yellow super giant. In about 4-5 billion years, it will start expanding, and will stop between us and mars. Mars will become mercury.
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NerdThursday, January 13th 2005.

Daxceon

Ha ha!

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I love Dooms day talk, really makes me feel great inside, we'll be long gone by then anyway, then the corregated card will take over as the highest lifeform on this planet.
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NerdThursday, January 13th 2005.

Batist

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chronoTras

All stars expand, it will just never become a super red giant like most stars. Just as said before, a yellow super giant. In about 4-5 billion years, it will start expanding, and will stop between us and mars. Mars will become mercury.



actually, the really super hot ones have a nuclear reaction at it's time of death and will explode, causing a super nova, which will or will not cause a black hole.
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NerdThursday, January 13th 2005.

Daxceon

Ha ha!

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If they don't make a black hole they make a neutron star, which gives off radio waves more accuratly than a digital watch Big Grin (Someone was listening in Physics today)
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